山羊心房颤动进展过程中心房电图形态的演变

目的利用山羊模型研究心房颤动(简称房颤)在由阵发性向持续性转变过程中,心房/肺静脉外膜电图形态的演变。方法在山羊的左房(LA)游离壁外膜和左上肺静脉(LSPV)根部缝合电极片,利用自制的房颤刺激器于体外发放50Hz的刺激,刺激左房,刺激时程1s,每次间隔2s,诱发出自发维持时间超过24h的持续性房颤。将心房/肺静脉外膜电图形态分为单电位(SP)、双电位(DP)和碎裂电位(FP)。分析在基础状态下和房颤维持不同时间时各电位在所有激动中所占比例和动态变化。结果在窦性心律时LA和LSPV全为SP,随着房颤持续时间的延长,两部位的SP比例逐渐减少,DP和FP的比例逐渐增加。房颤刚开始和持续24h后SP的比例在LA分别为94.2%±5.0%和68.4%±6.0%(P<0.01),在LSPV则分别为74.2%±3.3%和40.1%±7.3%(P<0.01)。在房颤自发持续24h后,LA各种形态的电位交替出现,而LSPV可见连续的反复快速激动。结论心房和肺静脉外膜电图的碎裂程度增加,以及肺静脉出现连续的反复快速激动与房颤的持续有关。     

The Location and Contents of the Lateral Ligaments of the Rectum: A Study in Human Soft Cadavers

PURPOSE This study was designed to identify the location of the lateral ligaments of the rectum and to reveal its contents. METHODS From 18 human soft cadavers (9 males), 18 pelves were sagittally sectioned into 36 hemipelvic specimens affording good anatomic view of the lateral aspect of the rectum. All of them were dissected and mobilized by using sharp technique under direct vision by one surgeon to avoid confounding factor. The lateral ligaments of the rectum were identified and the distances from the center of its pelvic attachment to the promontory of sacrum and coccyx were measured. After measurement, they were transected and brought for histologic examination. RESULTS In 36 hemipelvic specimens, 18 lateral ligaments of the rectum were found on the right side of the rectum and 18 were found on the left side. One cadaver had no lateral ligament on the right side and another had two lateral ligaments on the right side 3-cm apart. The location of the lateral ligaments was posterolateral to the rectum. The distance from the lateral ligament to sacral promontory on right side was 8.14 ± 1.82 cm (mean ± standard deviation) and 8.14 ± 1.22 cm on left side. The distances from the lateral ligament to coccyx on the right and left sides were 5.12 ± 1.4 cm and 4.88 ± 1.29 cm, respectively. The content of the lateral ligaments of the rectum consisted of loose connective tissue with cluster of small nerves. No artery was detected in all specimens. The small arterioles and venules were discovered in only four specimens. CONCLUSIONS The lateral ligaments of the rectum were located at posterolateral side of the rectum. They were closer to the coccyx than to the sacral promontory. Its component was loose connective tissue containing multiple small nerves. There was no artery found in any lateral ligaments by histologic study. Small arterioles and venules were detected 11 percent. Presented at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Dallas, Texas, May 8 to 13, 2004.     

Viable herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella‐zoster virus in the trigeminal ganglia of human cadavers

Human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) and varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) were isolated in the bilateral trigeminal ganglia of 12 human cadavers with no history of herpes‐related symptoms within 1–5 days of death. Sixteen trigeminal ganglia were subjected to explant culture by using Vero cells, but no cytopathogenic effects (CPE) were observed. However, when another eight trigeminal ganglia were placed in a cell strainer and kept from direct contact with Vero cells during culture, CPE were clearly apparent in all cultures. The amount of DNA in the culture supernatants of 16 trigeminal ganglia decreased over time; 12 and 9 of these samples were PCR‐positive for HSV‐1 and VZV, respectively. In new Vero cells inoculated with supernatants collected 2 days after culture initiation, immunofluorescence staining revealed HSV‐1 and VZV in 6 and 5 of 8 trigeminal ganglia, respectively. HSV‐1 and VZV DNA was detected in supernatants collected 3 and 7 days after culture initiation and in Vero cells collected after culture completion, but real‐time PCR revealed the DNA amounts decreased over time. There was less VZV DNA than HSV‐1 DNA. These results demonstrate that infective HSV‐1 and VZV can be isolated in culture, and confirm that viable HSV‐1 and VZV persist in human trigeminal ganglia for some time after death. J. Med. Virol. 85:833–838, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Establishing and managing a periodontal biobank for research: the sharing of experience

Periodontal bio‐repositories, which allow banking of clinically validated human data and biological samples, provide an opportunity to derive biomarkers for periodontal diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic activities which are expected to improve patient management. This article presents the establishing of the Malaysian Periodontal Database and Biobank System (MPDBS) which was initiated in 2011 with the aim to facilitate periodontal research. Partnerships were established with collaborating centres. Policies on specimen access, authorship and acknowledgement policies were agreed upon by all participating centres before the initiation of the periodontal biobank. Ethical approval for the collection of samples and data were obtained from institutional ethics review boards. A broad‐based approach for informed consent was used, which covered areas related to quality of life impacts, genetics and molecular aspects of periodontal disease. Sample collection and processing was performed using a standardized protocol. Biobanking resources such as equipment and freezers were shared with the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database and Tissue Bank System (MOCDTBS). In the development of the MPDBS, challenges that were previously faced by the MOCDTBS were considered. Future challenges in terms of ethical and legal issues will be faced when international collaborations necessitate the transportation of specimens across borders.     

输血科不合格标本的原因探析及改进

目的:探讨分析临床输血不合格标本产生的原因,保证临床用血安全。方法:选取2012年1―12月期间西安市红会医院输血科接收临床输血样本9 211例,对不合格标本进行原因分析,并指定出改进方案。结果:统计分析2012年上半年和下半年拒收例数分别为107例和24例,同比下降63.34%。样本不合格因素包括:申请单信息有误、血型填写错误、医师未签字、血样信息有误、血量不足、样本溶血、血样无标识。各指标下半年较上半年下降率分别为:28.25%、8.16%、4.58%、14.50%、2.29%、2.29%、4.01%。结论:严格执行输血前样本审核制度,保证临床输血安全有效。     

三孔法腹腔镜结直肠癌NOSES术

目的探讨三孔法腹腔镜结直肠癌经自然腔道取标本手术（NOSES）的临床可行性。 方法回顾分析中山大学附属第一医院本医疗组2021年10月至2021年12月采用单人三孔腹腔镜乙状结肠癌或高位直肠癌根治术（NOSES术）的8例患者临床资料,分析手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术中淋巴结清扫数量、术后并发症、住院时间等情况。 结果8例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间（170.3±38.6）分钟,平均术中出血量（43.8±11.9）mL,平均术后排气时间（42.0±24.9）小时,平均淋巴结清扫数量（13.6±9.5）颗,平均住院时间（13.4±3.9）天,术后无并发症发生。 结论由1名外科医生和1名扶镜手实施的三孔腹腔镜手术似乎是治疗结直肠癌患者的一种可行且安全的手术选择,能达到相同的根治效果,并发症并未增多。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌NOSES术中左结肠动脉的外科解剖与保留技巧

目的观察腹腔镜结直肠癌经自然腔道取标本手术（NOSES）中左结肠动脉（LCA）的外科解剖,探讨保留LCA的手术技巧及临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年12月于四川省肿瘤医院施行腹腔镜下保留LCA的结直肠癌NOSES手术85例患者的临床资料,其中54例术中对LCA的外科解剖进行了观察与记录,结合手术录像分析LCA的外科走行与解剖分型,探讨保留LCA的操作技巧和临床效果。 结果所有病例LCA均从肠系膜下动脉（IMA）左侧发出,LCA发出处至IMA根部的平均距离为（3.5±1.1）cm;75.9%（41/54）病例LCA向外走行时自肠系膜下静脉（IMV）前方与其相交,24.1%（13/54）自IMV后方与其相交;LCA自IMA单独发出者（Ⅰ型）23例（42.6%）,LCA与乙状结肠动脉（SA）两支共干者（Ⅱ型）9例（16.7%）,LCA与SA、直肠上动脉（SRA）三支共干者（Ⅲ型）19例（35.2%）,LCA、SRA与两支或两支以上SA多支共干者（Ⅳ型）3例（5.6%）,本组未见LCA缺如病例。85例患者均顺利完成手术,其中2例（2.4%）术后出现了吻合口漏,1例经保守治疗痊愈,1例进行了回肠造瘘手术;无围手术期死亡病例;术后平均住院时间（10.4±3.4）d。 结论LCA的外科走行多样,解剖变异复杂;腹腔镜下保留LCA需要较高的手术技巧、精细解剖、耐心操作。腹腔镜结直肠癌术中保留LCA操作与NOSES技术相结合,有望将损伤控制、功能保护、微创治疗的外科理念发挥到极致。     

山羊高原重度原发性肺冲击伤模型的建立

目的建立山羊在海拔4 600 m高原环境下的重度原发性肺冲击伤模型,分析高原重度原发性肺冲击伤的特点,为院前救治提供实验基础。 方法选取健康山羊28只,随机分为3 m组22只,3.5 m组6只,采用8 kg TNT当量新型爆炸物,在相同的环境条件下致伤,观察致伤后山羊肺冲击伤伤情,分别于伤前、伤后1 h、24 h监测山羊生命体征、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ,观察肺大体解剖,测肺组织重量、湿/干比重(W/D)等,对重伤山羊进行院前ABC救治。 结果伤后t≤15 min死亡12只,伤后15 min相似文献   

Architectural properties of the first dorsal interosseous muscle

Muscle architecture is considered to reflect the function of muscle in vivo, and is important for example to clinicians in designing tendon‐transfer and tendon‐lengthening surgeries. The purpose of this study was to quantify the architectural properties of the FDI muscle. It is hypothesized that there will be consistency, that is low variability, in the architectural parameters used to describe the first dorsal interosseous muscle because of its clear functional role in index finger motion. The important architectural parameters identified were those required to characterize a muscle adequately by modeling. Specifically the mass, cross‐sectional area, and length of the tendon and muscle were measured in cadavers along with the muscle fiber optimum length and pennation angle, and the moment arm of the first dorsal interosseous at the metacarpophalangeal joint. These parameters provide a characterization of the architecture of the first dorsal interosseous, and were used to indicate the inherent variability between samples. The results demonstrated a large amount of variability for all architectural parameters measured; leading to a rejection of the hypothesis. Ratios designed to describe the functioning of the muscles in vivo, for example the ratio of tendon to fiber optimum lengths, also demonstrated a large variability. The results suggest that function cannot be deduced from form for the first dorsal interosseous, and that subject‐specific architectural parameters may be necessary for the formulation of accurate musculoskeletal models or making clinical decisions.     

New records of forensic entomofauna in legally buried and exhumed human infants remains in Buenos Aires,Argentina

The study of carrion fauna associated with buried human corpses from a forensic perspective could provide useful information in criminal investigations. Insects and other arthropods remains sampled of 44 legally exhumed infant skeletons from La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina). They were identified at different taxonomic levels depending on the state of preservation. The specific diversity, abundance and frequency were analyzed and each taxon was assigned to the hypothetical colonization sequence: burial colonization, post-exhumation contamination at cemetery deposit or soil fauna. The phorid Dohrniphora sp. is mentioned for the first time in Argentina as carrion fauna of underground colonization, and the assemblage of Dohrniphora sp., Megaselia scalaris and Hydrotaea aenescens is proposed as indicator of buried cadavers. These findings provide new useful data to be applied in forensic entomology research.